Nazirov Baxtiyor Safarovich

Qozvin, Mamoliykul Baxriya, Dumyot shahri, Rukniddin Baybars, Mansura shaxri, Hasankeyf shahri, Shajaratud-dur, Muiz, Akka.

Ushbu ilmiy-tarixiy maqolada, asli qul (Mamluklar) jamoasining Islom sivilizatsiyasi tarixida qanday qilib qudratli hukmdorlarga aylanganligi batafsil o‘rganilgan. “Mamoliyk” so‘zining lug‘aviy ma’nosi va istilohiy ahamiyatidan boshlab, Abbosiylar xalifalari Ma’mun va Mu’tasim davrida O‘rta Osiyo turkiy xalqlaridan harbiy xizmat uchun yollangan Mamluklarning paydo bo‘lishi tahlil qilinadi. Maqola Mamluklarning maxsus tarbiya bosqichlariga – arab tili, Qur’on, fiqh ta’limi hamda chavandozlik, merganlik kabi harbiy mahoratlarni o‘zlashtirish jarayoniga alohida e’tibor qaratadi. Mazkur maqolada asosiy e’tibor, Salohiddin Ayubiy avlodlaridan bo‘lgan Sulton Solih Najmiddin Ayubiy davrida ularning kuchayishi, ayniqsa, 1249-1250-yillardagi Yettinchi Salib yurishiga qarshi kurashdagi hal qiluvchi rolini yoritishga qaratilgan. Mansura va Fariskur janglarida Forsiddin Oqtoy va Rukniddin Baybars boshchiligidagi Mamluklarning Fransiya qiroli Lyudovik IX ustidan qozongan g‘alabasi, ularning davlatdagi nufuzini keskin oshirgani ko‘rsatilgan. Maqolaning markaziy qismi Sulton Turonshoh Ayubiyning Mamluklarning xizmatlarini inkor etib, ularni mansabdan chetlatishga urinishi natijasida yuzaga kelgan siyosiy xatoga bag‘ishlangan. Bu “xato” Mamluklar va Sultonning beva xotini Shajaratud-dur tomonidan uyushtirilgan suiqasdga olib keldi. Oqibatda, Misrdagi Ayubiylar sulolasi tugatilib, Mamluk amiri Izzuddin Oybek Turkmaniy sultonlikka ko‘tarilishi bilan Mamluklar davlatining boshlanishi, ya’ni Misr taxtiga aslida qul bo‘lganlarning o‘tirishiga zamin yaratilganligi yoritiladi.

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