QURBONOVA ZEBINISO MAMARAJAB QIZI

Ibn Sina (Avicenna), al-Biruni, Samanid dynasty, Central Asia, political instability, intellectual history, medieval science, astronomy, philosophy, Islamic civilization

This article explores the profound political and social upheavals that shaped the formative yers of two of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic world, Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and al-Biruni. Focusing on the period between 992 and 995, the stady examines the collapse of the Samanid dynasty and its far-reaching consequences for Central Asia’s intellectual landcape. The analysis highlights how military instability, economic decline, and shifting political allegiances forced both scholars into exile, poverty, and uncertainty. Despite these adversities, Ibn Sina and Beruni demonstrated remarkable intellectual resilience, continuing their scientific, philosophy, and medical pursuits. The articl pays particular attention to al-Biruni experiences in Rayy and his collaboration with the astronomer Abu Mahmud al-Khujandi, as well as Ibn-Sina struggle to sustain his scholarly work amid bureaucratic and economic hardship. By situating their personal trajectories within broader geopolitical transformations, the study underscores the enduring relationship between political instability and the preservation of scientific creativity in medieval Islamic civilization.

1.Bulgakov, Zhizn i trudy Beruni, p. 35. Abu Raikhan Biruni, The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Mario Kozah, transl. and ed.,

New York, 2020

2.For a thorough discussion of Biruni and Khujandi’s observatory, see Bulgakov, Zhizn i trudy Beruni, ch. 3.

3.Biruni, Geodezia, Izbrannye proizvedendii, P. G. Bulgakov, ed., Tashkent, 1973, p. 137. Abu Raikhan Biruni, Kniga

vrazumleniia nachatkam nauki o zvezdakh, B. A. Rozenfeld and A. Akhmedov, eds., Tashkent, 1975

4.The French scholar Boilot found the sole copy of this paper at the Jesuit University in Beirut: D. J. Boilot, “L’Oeuvre d’al- Berumi: Essai bibliographique,” Institut Dominicain d’etudes orientales du Caire, Melanges, vol. 2, Cairo, 1955,

p. 237; but when the Soviet scholar Bulgakov searched for it he was told the paper disappeared during World War I.

Bulgakov, Zhizn i trudy Beruni, p. 50. Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Jon McGinnis, transl., ed., The Physics of the Healing: A Parallel English- Arabic Text, 2 vols., Provo, 2009.

5.Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Avicenna’s Psychology, Laleh Bakhtiar, transl., Chicago, 2013.

6.Qurbonova, Z. M. Q. (2024). Oliy ta ‘lim tizimida sharq allomalari asarlaridan foydalanishning mavjud holati va uni takomillashtirish yo ‘llari. Academic research in educational sciences, (1), 283-286.

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